Which colonial-era legislation, recently replaced by a new law, was enacted in 1891 to govern the use of banking records as evidence in courts?

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The correct answer is Option A: Bankers’ Book Evidence Act, 1891. Parliament passed the Bankers’ Book Evidence Bill, 2026, replacing the 1891 law governing the use of banking records as evidence in courts. The Rajya Sabha approved the Bill through a voice vote on 10 August 2026, after its passage by the Lok Sabha a week earlier. The new law provides a technology-neutral framework and gives legal recognition to electronic and digital banking records as evidence. Banking records covered by the framework include data stored on-premises, off-premises, in cloud systems, backups and disaster-recovery systems. Bank records may be certified for use as evidence through manual, digital or electronic signatures under the new framework. The legislation was introduced to modernise the nearly 135-year-old legal framework in response to the rapid digitalisation of banking. The new framework provides statutory protection to bank officials from unnecessary court summonses when their bank is not a party to the dispute, subject to court directions. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted technological advancement in banking as a key reason for updating the earlier legal framework.

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Banking Regulation Act, 1949

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Indian Evidence Act, 1872

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Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

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Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Which colonial-era legislation, recently replaced by a new law, was enacted in 1891 to govern the use of banking records as evidence in courts?

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Which colonial-era legislation, recently replaced by a new law, was enacted in 1891 to govern the use of banking records as evidence in courts?

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