Directions(Q.6 to Q.10 ):

In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, four words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

The two words ’growth’ and ’development’ were often used (6) in economic discussion.

As soon as ’development economics’ emerged as a distinct field of study after the World War II, it ’had the appearance of being a child of growth economics’ and, in fact, this child did not differ from what could be expected from a genuine ’son of growth economics’. But, technically speaking, they are not the same.

To a layman, these two terms appear to be (7). However, in the 1950s and 1960s, economists drew a line of demarcation between economic growth and economic development. True enough, the concept of economic development is broader than economic growth. Develop-ment is taken to mean ’growth plus change’, whereas economic growth means growth only quantitative expansion of an economy. Economic growth is, thus, a quantitative concept, while economic development is a (8) concept. C. P. Kindleberger says that growth involves focusing on height or weight while development focuses on the change in functional capacity.

Economic growth is defined in positive terms. It is measured by the sustained increase in real, national or per capita income of a nation over time. Economic growth is usually measured in terms of an increase in real GNP or GDP over time or an increase in income per head over time. Growth is (9) as it enables a society to consume more goods and services.

That is why growth is considered to be the basis of advancing real living standards or human welfare. At the same time, it is also true that growth does not necessarily lead to an increase in human welfare. Economic development is more (10) than economic growth.

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